What options can one explore when facing difficulties applying for student loan due to low family income?

Can try applying for bursary, financial aid from the school. Check with the school, usually they will have consultants to advise on getting student loan or even preferential rates.

I think we need to understand what kind of student loans you are mentioning. If its for local university, he/she should apply for financial aid directly.

If its for private university, there are people who work 1 year first to have about 3 years of study fees before transiting to part time work.

Its not easy but this is what we commonly know that works.