May I ask how the sale price of a second-hand car is derived?

Hello Anon, i am not super sure about the exact process but if you wish to purchase a second-hand car or you are looking to sell your car you can chck out the link before. They have the ability to give you a valuation within 24 hrs which is super fast and good especially if you want to sell your urgently.https://www.motorist.sg/car-valuation

PARF value, and the current value of the COE at the open market. And Annualised Depreciation of the car.

The car body is worth very little money at the end of the 10 yrs COE (in relation to the total you fork out for PARF, COE and taxes)

Find the car model that you like and visit https://www.sgcarmart.com/main/index.php

it's the best site to check out the PARF, the annual road tax, the yearly depreciation of that car you are keen to buy.