I have a total starting capital of $10,000, how do I use this amount to pay out a consistent flow of income for me as I grow older? How do I start?

Depends on your age. If you are still young, you should consider growth centric portfolio rather than dividend since the returns wouldn't be alot. Once older, slowly transition your portfolio to more dividend based.

Once you have accumulated a sufficient capital, you can invest in stocks or bonds that pays regular dividends/coupons.